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Refinish a Wood Table: Step-by-Step Guide to a Smooth Finish

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Who wants to refinish a table? If that’s you, you’re in luck—we refinished two dining tables using muscle, no chemical strippers, and a lot of sanding. It’s a great example of how easy it can be to revive thrifted or hand-me-down furniture and save money compared with buying new pieces.

Sanding the finish off of a wood dining table to refinish it with new stain

Why Refinish a Table?

We needed two dining tables for our duplex rental since each unit has its own dining area. One table was a Crate & Barrel hand-me-down with a scratched cherry finish that had been put off for years. The other was my sister’s vintage farmhouse table—solid, sturdy, and perfectly sized, but well worn from everyday use.

young house love bright modern dining room makeover home decor

Both tables were excellent candidates for refinishing because they were solid wood. If a table has laminate or veneer, the process and expected results change, but solid wood responds very well to sanding and staining. Since both pieces already showed wear, we weren’t afraid to sand them down to the bare wood.

Crate And Barrel Dining Table With Scratches And Old Stain Finish
Vintage Farmhouse Table With Damage and Scratches

Tools and Materials

We prefer to avoid harsh chemicals, so our refinishing process used sanding and simple finishing products. For this method you’ll need:

  • Electric sander (random orbital or palm sander)
  • 80-grit (coarse) and 120-grit (fine) sandpaper
  • Tack cloth or damp paper towels to remove dust
  • Shop vacuum or leaf blower for cleanup (optional)
  • Stain-grade paintbrushes and rags
  • Wood stains in your chosen colors
  • Water-based polyurethane or sealer for protection
  • Mask and nitrile gloves for safety

Those last items help keep you comfortable and the workspace clean while you sand and apply finishes.

Step 1: Sand a Test Spot

We started cautiously by removing and sanding the top of one leg to see what wood was underneath and how deeply the old stain penetrated. That’s a useful test: it reveals the wood tone you’ll be working with and gives you a hidden spot to experiment on if you don’t like the look.

Legs Removed From Wood Dining Table To Test Sanding Of Finish

The test went very well and gave us the confidence to move forward with sanding the entire tables.

Step 2: Sand Off the Old Finish

We removed the old finish in small sections, always sanding with the grain. We began with coarse 80-grit paper to strip the finish and reveal the lighter wood below. The battery-operated sander we owned worked, but the progress was slow. Upgrading to a more powerful corded random orbital sander made the job faster and produced a more even result.

John Sanding The Finish Off Wood Dining Table

The stronger sander was especially helpful removing factory finishes and deep stains and for tackling stubborn scratches.

Step 3: Smooth Out Scratches and Dents

Once the bulk of the finish was off, the orbital sander helped smooth out gouges and scratches on the farmhouse table. Working patiently and occasionally slowing down to sand edges and legs by hand ensured consistent results across all surfaces.

Fully Sanded Wood Dining Table With Old Finish Removed To Raw Wood

Altogether, sanding both tables took a few hours, mainly because of all the legs and aprons that needed attention.

Step 4: Finish Sanding with Fine Grit

After removing the old finish, give the tables a final pass with 120-grit sandpaper to smooth the surface and prepare it for stain or sealer. This step helps eliminate visible sanding marks and evens out the tabletop surface before finishing.

Two Dining Tables Fully Sanded Free Of Old Stain Finish

Step 5: Clean Off Sanding Dust

Before staining or sealing, remove all dust and debris. We used a leaf blower outdoors to clear most of the dust and then wiped the surfaces with a tack cloth. A shop vacuum and a damp rag work equally well indoors.

Step 6: Apply Stain and Sealer

We transported the stripped tables to the duplex and tested finishes in the space so we could judge colors under real lighting. For the farmhouse table we liked the raw look and opted to clear-seal it, which deepened the tone slightly while preserving the wood grain. We applied one coat of water-based sealer followed by a more durable “triple thick” top coat for extra protection and a satin finish.

Clear Sealer Being Applied To Wood Dining Table With No Stain

The result preserved the character and grain of the wood while protecting it for daily use.

Before Photo of Old Dinign Room Table Top Finish With Damage
After Photo of Refinished Dining Table With Farmhouse Look

The finished table fits the room well and complements nearby wood elements in the space.

Duplex Dining Room With Blue And Wood Kitchen In Background
cabinets | dining chairs | similar dining table | chandelier | walls: SW Spare White | trim: SW Extra White

Step 7: Layer Stains If Needed

The Crate & Barrel table revealed red undertones when we tried only a clear sealer, which wasn’t the look we wanted. We started with a warm brown stain but found it still read a bit too red after drying. To cool the tone, we applied a light wash of a gray stain over the brown, wiping it off quickly so it wouldn’t become too gray. Layering stains in this way can neutralize undesired undertones while letting the wood’s natural variation show through.

Minwax Stain Being Applied To Wood Dining Table During Refinishing

After the layered stains dried, we finished with two coats of water-based sealer for protection. The result preserved the wood grain and achieved the cooler brown tone we wanted.

Refinished Dining Table Halfway Stained With Minxwax
Refinished Dining Table With New Darker Stain Applied
Before Photo of Red Damaged Dining Table Stain

With new lighting, chairs, and fixtures in place, both dining rooms feel refreshed. The refinished tables look like quality, intentional pieces rather than patched-up hand-me-downs.

Bright Dining Room With Capiz Chandelier Looking Into Pink And Blue Kitchen
dining chairs | similar dining table | chandelier | mirror | cabinets | tile | pendant | faucet | walls: SW Spare White | trim: SW Extra White

Overall, we were relieved the projects turned out so well. Apart from the cost of a better sander, sealers, stains, and the small discount on the farmhouse table from family, the refinishing route saved us significantly compared with buying two new dining tables.

Alternate: Paint the Furniture

If refinishing doesn’t give the look you want, painting is a great alternative. Painting works well on solid wood and there are also reliable techniques for painting veneer or laminate surfaces. Painting lets you change color and update a table’s style without the same level of sanding and staining.

For more furniture makeovers and DIY projects, explore categories dedicated to furniture upgrades and refinishing ideas.

*This post originally included product references to tools and finishes used in our projects.*